祈願和平 Pro Pacem / For Peace

專輯編號： AVSA9894

專輯類型：單CD

發行年份： 2015

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“Peace cannot be kept by force;
it can only be achieved by understanding.”
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Hiroshima 6 August 1945, 8:15.
“[...] I looked around: although it was morning, the sky was dark as twilight, with dust and smoke rising in the air. I saw streams of ghostly figures, slowly shuffling from the centre of the city of Hiroshima towards the nearby hills. They were naked and tattered, bleeding, burned, blackened and swollen. Parts of their bodies were missing, flesh and skin hanging from their bones, some with their eyeballs in their hands, and some with their stomachs burst open, with their intestines hanging out. We girls joined the ghostly procession, carefully stepping over the Dead or dying. There was a deathly silence, broken only by the moans of the injured and their pleas for water. The foul stench of burned skin filled the air [...]”
Setsuko Thurlow, “Hibakusha”, survivor of the Hiroshima bomb.

Cambrai, January 1517.
“I can understand and excuse animals attacking each other because of their ignorance, but men should recognize that war is necessarily and inherently unjust, for it usually affects not those who ignite and declare it, but almost always takes its heaviest toll on the innocent, on the poor people who stand to gain nothing from victories and defeats. Almost always it takes its heaviest toll on those who have no part in it, and even when the outcome of war is successful, the joy of some is but the suffering and ruin of others.”
Erasmus. The Complaint of Peace.

Barcelona, 1 July 2004.
It is difficult to live without external peace in the world around us. It is impossible to live without inner peace, without peace in our hearts. Music creates a space of peace, both within and outside us. Few people create music and some are able to perform it, but we can all listen to it; however, this third musical art has to be learned by creating an outer and inner silence. To listen to music, we must be at peace, and at the same time music is a source of peace. It is a vital circle.
Raimon Panikkar. Introduction to the concert Da pacem. (Universal Forum of Cultures).

Barcelona, summer 1966 and January 1987.
“When Kant writes of the disinterested value of beauty, I do not understand. It is like when people assure us that they are apolitical, and that they do things with no specific purpose in mind, but I don’t believe them. To be apolitical is in itself a political option. The same is true of beauty. I believe in an art that is useful to society. If that were not possible, I would abandon it, because art would hold no interest for me […] More than ever, I also felt the need, as Penrose said of Picasso, “to seal a pact with my fellow men”, in short, to succeed in making my art intimately involved in the struggles, joys and hopes of the people, and above all those of my own people, the people of Catalonia.”
Antoni Tàpies. A Personal Memoir and Conversations.

I have chosen to introduce our PRO PACEM project with four different quotes which immediately take us to the crux of the debate: the personal account of Setsuko Thurlow, a “Hibakusha”, that is to say, a survivor of the Hiroshima bomb and an innocent victim of a horrific war; a reflection by Erasmus of Rotterdam, the great 16th century humanist and advocate of Peace, on the fact that it is always the innocent who suffer most in any war; a spiritual observation on the impossibility of living without peace in our hearts by the philosopher, theologian and writer of Catalan and Hindu origin, Raimon Panikkar; and a reflection rooted in experience by one of the leading artists of our time, the painter Antoni Tàpies, on the social commitment of the artist.

PRO PACEM

PRO PACEM is a new CD-Book project that makes a plea for a world without war or terrorism and for total nuclear disarmament. It presents a sound mosaic that takes the form of a living dialogue of spiritually expressive vocal and instrumental music from a variety of repertoires from East (Armenia, Turkey, Sepharad, India, Israel and China) and West (Greece, Spain, England, Portugal, Italy, Estonia and Belgium). These different musical expressions were inspired by the ancient Sibylline Oracles (Montserrat Figueras), the prayers of the Koran and the Hebrew liturgy, vocal pieces based on one of the earliest Christian chants invoking peace: Da Pacem Domine (Grant me Peace, o Lord), first in the Gregorian version, which is followed by Gilles Binchois’ 3-part version (14th century) and finally the new version by Arvo Pärt, which was specially composed for our concert for Peace performed during the Barcelona Forum of Cultures in 2004, and including pieces by Josquin, Parabosco, Orlando di Lasso and the Sephardic lament El Pan de la Aflicción. All these works are performed by the soloists of La Capella Reial de Catalunya. This PRO PACEM programme features other vocal music sung by Montserrat Figueras, such as the Motet Flavit auster from the Monastery of Las Huelgas, the Portuguese villancico from Goa entitled Senhora del mundo and the Motet by Francisco Guerrero, as well as improvisations by Ferran Savall in Deploratio IV. Finally, it includes instrumental pieces by Christopher Tye, Henry Purcell and one of my own compositions (Planctus Caravaggio), all profoundly spiritual in character. The performers featured in the recording are Montserrat Figueras, Lior Elmaleh, Marc Mauillon, Muwafak Shahin Khalil, Ferran Savall, the soloists of La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XXI, Le Concert des Nations and guest musicians from Armenia, USA, Israel, Palestine, Turkey, India, Japan and Greece.

The non-musical part of this project, introducing four interesting texts on the purpose of art and educational, philosophical and spiritual thought, as well as reproductions of three previously unpublished paintings by Antoni Tàpies on the theme of Peace, plays a major role in proposing a broad reflection on the paths of peace in the world through the collaboration of four outstanding cultural and artistic figures of our time: Edgard Morin, Raimon Panikkar, Fatema Mernissi and Antoni Tàpies. They address such the issues as the education of the future; the importance of intercultural dialogue as a means to achieve peace between East and West; the model towards which our globalised world will evolve – the Cowboy or the Simbad model; and, finally, the relationship and commitment of the creative artist to society and the world in general.

The project is neither more nor less than the desire to engage in a joint reflection, by means of information and intercultural dialogue, on how we can create the conditions necessary for true awareness of the importance of the present moment and what is at stake. Accordingly, the contents of our CD-Book are translated into eight languages (French, German, English, Catalan, Spanish, Italian, Arabic and Hebrew).

We firmly believe that the principal enemies of mankind - ignorance, hatred and selfishness – can only be overcome by love, knowledge, empathy and understanding. Is this not the ultimate purpose of art and thought? It is our hope that the music, the works of art and philosophical and spiritual reflections, the analyses of the globalised world in which we live, and the knowledge provided by the statistics reproduced in the CD-Book, will shed a little more light and perspective objective on today’s obscure and complex world. Statistics may be cold and dull, but they give a precise account of important facts such as the number of innocent victims and displaced people trailing in the wake of the major wars and conflicts, as well as the military spending in the world and the number of nuclear weapons stockpiled throughout Europe and elsewhere. All this information should help us to become more aware of the situation in which we live and enable us to think independently about what might have led to the present dreadful disarray of our bankrupt humanity, which seems to have lost touch with its essential values of civilisation and humanism.

The very considerable public and media presence that we can all achieve thanks to the internet, whether as artists or as more or less committed private individuals in the public sphere, forces us to take stock of the inherent responsibilities of that situation: to contribute to the knowledge that is necessary to combat ignorance and fanaticism, to speak out for justice and peace, to work towards the increasing freedom and solidarity of men and women, to teach understanding and intercultural dialogue, in the realization that, as Joan Miro, another great Catalan painter, said, as artists (and, I would add, as human beings) “what really matters is not a work of art, but the spiritual journey of a man’s life as a whole, not what he has done during that life, but what he enables others to glimpse and achieve at some point in the more or less distant future.” These words echo the same attitude and strength of those great individuals who have devoted their lives to the struggle for the freedom and well-being of others, figures such as Gandhi, who reminds us that “If man will only realize that it is unmanly to obey laws that are unjust, no man’s tyranny will enslave him.”

But it is important to remember that we are still living in a cruel world where tyrants hold nations hostage (North Korea), or get away with massacring their own people (Syria), a world so profoundly unjust that 1% of its population possesses what is needed by the remaining 99%: better housing, better education, better doctors and a higher standard of living, but as Joseph E. Stiglitz (Nobel Prize in Economics 2001) points out, that minority is lacking something, “one thing that money doesn’t seem to have bought: an understanding that their fate is bound up with how the other 99% live. Throughout history, this is something that the top 1 percent eventually do learn. Too late.” It is then, as Tony Judt (1948-2010) observes with extraordinary lucidity that “fear re-emerges as an active ingredient of political life of Western democracies. Fear of terrorism, of course; but also, and perhaps more insidiously, fear of the uncontrollable speed of change, fear of the loss of employment, fear of losing ground to others in an increasingly unequal distribution of resources, the fear of losing control of the circumstances and routines of one’s daily life. And, perhaps above all, fear that it is not just we who can no longer shape our lives, but that those in authority have lost control as well, to forces beyond their reach.” The danger foreseen by Judt is already a reality: “Our contemporary cult of untrammelled economic freedom, combined with a heightened sense of fear and insecurity, is leading to reduced social provision and minimal economic regulation; but these are accompanied by ever-extending governmental oversight of communication, movement, and opinion. “Chinese” capitalism, as it were. He concludes by arguing for the importance of recent history in an age of oblivion: “We think we have learned enough of the past to know that many of the old answers don't work, and that may be true. But what the past can truly help us understand is the perennial complexity of the questions.”

The imbalance in the world has intensified in recent years as a consequence of an inhuman economic policy that has sacrificed millions of lives to the establishment of totally outmoded systems of exploitation. That is why, in this time of grave economic crisis, it is even more surprising that military spending has sharply increased, reaching the astronomic figure of more than 1,700 billion U.S. dollars, serving only to fuel and prolong the numerous armed conflicts which currently rage in the East and the West, many of them still unresolved and unlikely to be resolved in the near future. Sadly, this proliferation of long-term conflicts (in Afghanistan, Iraq, Chechnya, Palestine and Africa), as well as more recent conflicts (Syria) and the so-called “irregular” guerrilla wars (in Latin America) and various forms of terrorism have so far claimed thousands upon thousands of innocent victims and more than 33 million displaced people throughout the world. As Erasmus observed in 1517, “war almost always takes its heaviest toll on those who have no part in it.” Twenty years after failing to prevent the systematic destruction of Sarajevo and the massacre of thousands of innocent Bosnians, the same human callousness and absolute impotence of the world’s great nations are doing nothing to stop the martyrdom of the Syrian people. Absolute evil is always that which man inflicts on man, and it is a universal fact that concerns all humanity. Hannah Arendt was perhaps the first to recognize it when she wrote in 1945: “the problem of evil will be the fundamental question facing intellectual life in Europe after the war.” Can art, music and beauty save mankind from that evil?

In Dostoevski’s novel The Idiot, an atheist called Hippolite asks Prince Myshkin, “Is it true, Prince, that you once said that “beauty” would save the world?” And he then goes on, “Gentlemen,” addressing the whole company, “the prince contends that beauty will save the world […] What kind of beauty is it that will save the world? […] Myshkin stared at him in silence.” The prince has no answer, but, like Antoni Tàpies, we believe in an art that is useful to society, an art that through beauty, grace, emotion and spirituality, can have the power to transform us and make us become more sensitive and plus altruistic.

“I have learnt to love you late, Beauty, at once so ancient and so new!
I have learnt to love you late!

You were within me, and I was in the world outside myself
and that is where I searched for you, and, disfigured as I was,
I fell upon the lovely things of your creation!
You were with me, but I was not with you.
The beautiful things of this world kept me far from you,
and yet, if they had not been in you, they would have had no being at all!

You cried aloud to me; you broke my barrier of deafness.
You shone upon me; your radiance enveloped me and you put my blindness to flight.
You shed your fragrance about me, I drew breath and now I gasp for your sweet odour;
I tasted you, and now I hunger and thirst for you.
You touched me, and I am inflamed with love of your peace.”

Augustine of Hippo (354-430) Confessions, 10, 27
Trans. R. S. Pine-Coffin

JORDI SAVALL
Bellaterra, beginning of autumn, 2012

Translated by Jacqueline Minett

I
1     Gilles Binchois. Da pacem (La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
2     Oracles Sibyllins (M. Figueras / La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
3     Taksim (impro.) (Lire turque)
4     Le Coran : Bismi Alah ar Rahman (M.S. Khalil)
5     En to stavro pares tosa (Planctus de la Vierge) (M. Mauillon/ La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
6     Invocation Hébraïque (L. Elmaleh)
7     Prosa : Flavit auster. Codex Las Huelgas. (M. Figueras)
8     Marcabru. Planctus : Pax ! In nomini Domini ! (instr.)

II
9     Josquin des Près : Da pacem à 4 & à 6 (La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
10    O Mater Mundy (instr.)
11    Anonyme. Senhora del mundo (M. Figueras)
12    Hieronimus Parabosco. Da Pacem (Ricercare XIV) La Capella Reial de Catalunya
13    Christopher Tye. Lawdes Deo à 5 (instr.)
14    Anon. Sépharade. El pan de l’aflición (LCR)
15    Francisco Guerrero. O Domine Jesu Christe (M. Figueras & Hespèrion XX)

III
16    Orlando di Lassus. Da pacem à 5 (La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
17    Lachrime Caravaggio. Deploratio IV (F. Savall)
18    Lachrime Caravaggio. Planctus Caravaggio II
19    Ave Maria. Anonyme Chine (La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
20    Henry Purcell. In Nomine in 7 parts
21    Da Pacem (Chant grégorien)
22    Arvo Part. Da Pacem Domine (La Capella Reial de Catalunya)
23    Plainte En Sarer (traditionnel d’Arménie)

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